Internet privacy
or public spectacle? An ethical dilemma for journalists
by Amanda Stutt May
12, 2008
As the dust settles after the Eliot Spitzer scandal, one has
to wonder what palpable abuses were really uncovered. Was it
about abuse of the public trust by a politician, or abuse of
power by the media?
New York’s powerhouse Governor had presidential aspirations
and a record of hard-line stances on “moral” issues.
He notoriously prosecuted prostitution rings as an attorney.
But Eliot Spitzer was revealed to be a hypocrite. The married
advocate of prostitution prohibition was exposed as a solicitor
of the sexual services of a 22-year old call girl.
So he publicly resigned, and stood disgraced before the masses,
eyes lowered. Next to him stood his traumatized wife, eyes also
lowered, simultaneously acquiescing to the power of the media.
They knew they had been thrown to the wolves for Spitzer’s
“private failings”.
What
resonates most soundly from that spectacle is the image of Silda’s
shamed face. The media seized the sensationalism and dangled
Spitzer’s shame before the public, but the image
of a traumatized Silda proved most unsettling.
AMANDA STUTT is a
graduate student at the UBC School of Journalism. She completed
a B.A. in English Literature and Sociology. Her writing has
appeared in the Ubyssey, The Seed, the Tyee, the Thunderbird
and The Vancouver Sun. She specializes in advocacy reporting.
Prior
to the scandal, Spitzer was regarded as something of a professional
“hero”. In terms of performance in the public
sphere, Spitzer’s slate was pretty clean.
But Spitzer was removed from office with one fell swoop once
it was revealed he was the identity behind the internet mask,
“client 9”. Spitzer may have had blind faith in
the privacy of his internet pseudonym, as did “Kirsten”,
his accomplice in the masquerade.
It is certainly in the public interest to have the hypocrisies
of their leaders revealed. But media evidently weren't satisfied
to leave it at that.
Instead, the public met Ashley Dupre, the 22-year-old woman
behind the curtain. Anyone with an operable internet browser
can now see who “Kristen” really is: http://gawker.com/5003776/kristen-the-definitive-gallery.
In a series of photographs, you can see Ashley out with her
friends, enjoying holidays with her family, or on vacation.
Citizen journalism blogs and social networking sites have
made public figures’ private lives more easily accessible,
and journalists view social networking sites such as MySpace
and Facebook as virtual goldmines for identifying sources,
and digging up personal information on the unwittingly implicated.
This raises an ethical dilemma within the journalism profession.
Did media have an inherent right to intrude upon and provide
public access to Dupre’s private life? Did the media
websites like Gawker.com overstep boundaries when it posted
pictures of Dupre enjoying private moments with family?
Media had no legal obligation to seek permission to use the
MySpace gallery, but the ethical dilemma hangs in the air.
And as the Spitzer scandal revealed, some media are willing
to seize and sensationalize details of a source’s private
world with a decidedly unethical impunity.
Further, her personal struggles were evidently fair game for
a media that acted with haste and poor judgment. Dupre’s
private life is no longer private — she is now a public
figure — but maybe not in the way she anticipated.
On her MySpace
page, Dupre admitted she had “left a broken home.
Left abuse. Had abused drugs. Been broke and homeless.”
Dupre was victimized by circumstances that put her at a social
and economic disadvantage, and victimized again by the media
scrutiny and invasion into her personal plight.
She will be forever known as the ‘prostitute’
who brought down a governor. Media seized on an instance and
figuratively branded her for life. So is anyone who posts
information on the internet putting their personal lives on
display for media to exploit?
UBC Journalism Professor and former BBC News Editor Alfred
Hermida studies the effects of new technologies on the
media.
“The issue here is whether by publishing on her personal
site on MySpace is the same as making them available for the
media to republish,” Hermida said. “Just because
the photos are available online does not automatically mean
that the media have permission to use them.”
Hermida believes journalists should consider the context in
which information was posted on social networking sites and
be sensitive to whether the images were meant for public consumption.
It comes down to making an ethical decision about using information
posted on social networking sites.
The main question for Hermida is whether this information
would benefit the “public good.”
“There was a voyeuristic element in how the media used
some of the material…,” he said. “Sites
like Gawker boasted about having an exhaustive photo gallery…It
is also interesting to note that one of the most commonly
used photos was of Dupre in a bikini, rather than some of
the more modest photos.”
Hermida also noted: “The media as a whole was aggressive
in seeking out any tidbit of information online about Dupre,
but she bears some responsibility for making it easy for journalists
by being so open online. It should serve as a warning to anyone
posting private details online — do not publish anything
you would not be comfortable with being public.”
The private lives of public figures have long been the focus
of morbid fascination for some media and Dupre unwittingly
played right into the fray when she used social networking
sites and didn’t fine-tune her privacy settings.
Media seized the opportunity without displaying much sensitivity.
‘Media’ and ‘sensitivity’ are concepts
that tend to be in opposition in a profession that includes
a relentless paparazzi machinery that thinks nothing of going
through a movie star’s trash, or of stalking celebrities
with a camera to the point of emotional breakdown.
Dupre is young. She was economically disadvantaged. Feminists
would argue she was forced into prostitution for reasons with
broad societal implications, and that Spitzer, by using her
socially subordinate position to his advantage to gain access
to her sexually, abused her.
Media’s treatment of Ashley Dupre reveals a macro-level
issue: disregarding the ethical issues of privacy and persecution
when dealing with internet content is an abuse of media power
that is long overdue for systematic scrutiny.